Comparison of the efficacy of cardamom elettaria cardamomum with pioglitazone on dexamethasoneinduced hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia in albino rats g. If you bought a plant with a tag that says cardamom. Ginger lily hedychium produces beautiful flowers that are used in garlands and other decorations. Elettaria cardamomum, a highly priced spice, is native to the western ghats of south india. The plant produces small, inferior, capsular fruits, which are collected as they ripen, and dried. Zingiberaceae, called the queen of spices in india, is a tall, perennial, reedlike herb that grows wild and is cultivated in india and sri lanka. True or green cardamom or when bleached, white cardamom comes from the species elettaria cardamomum and is distributed from india to malaysia. Comparative analysis of the oil and supercritical co2 extract. Journal of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry taking into consideration all the above mentioned qualities of the three spices namely, syzygium aromaticum, elettaria cardamomum and piper nigrum, the present study was carried out to assess their biochemical and phytochemical nature along with their the antimicrobial activities. Ginger is obtained from the rhizomes of zingiber officinale. True cardamom is harvested from the dried fruit of the elettaria cardamomum plant. The healer made a number of uses of four spices in his formulations, namely bark of cinnamomum verum, leaves of cinnamomum tamala, floral buds of syzygium aromaticum, and fruits of elettaria cardamomum.
The effect of the extraction conditions on the yield and composition of the resulting cardamom volatile oil was examined by testing two pressure values, 9. Its been online since 1995, and is run by henriette kress, a herbalist in helsinki, finland. Cardamom elettaria cardamomum maton, a native of high ranges of western ghats of india, is an ecofriendly plantation spice crop. The seeds are an ingredient of curries, used in pastries and liqueurs, and have also been used in perfumemaking. Elettaria cardamomum zingiberaceae or cardamom is commonly known as queen of spices for the versatile use in cooking practice.
Zingiberaceae ginger family this popular ginger is native to india. Ashokkumar k1, murugan m2, dhanya mk2, warkentin td3. Less commonly, mace, fennel or star anise may be used. Apart from its use as a flavoring agent in food preparations. The aim of this study was to examine the phytochemicals of cardamom crude extract and to investigate the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of its essential oil. The seeds have a pleasant aroma and a characteristic warm, slightly pungent taste. Several species of shellflower alpinia are cultivated as ornamentals. Henriettes herbal is one of the oldest and largest herbal medicine sites on the net. How to grow flavorful cardamom in your home garden.
This is useful for students, general public and people interested in natural remedies, yoga and herbs. Santalaceae commonly known as indian sandalwood is one of the oldest and precious sources of natural fragrance with immense medicinal and commercial significance. The most common spices used are cardamom, cinnamon, cloves and even black pepper. Botanically named as elettaria cardamomum, cardamom is well identified by its small seed pods with an outer shell enclosing. It is sometimes known as the queen of spices alongside black pepper piper nigrum, which is known as the king of spices. Learn about elettaria cardamomum cardamom perennial. Flowering to harvest period is approximately 120 days. Elettaria cardamomum cardamom phytochemicals by plant. Maton is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus elettaria family zingiberaceae. Black cardamom, also known as brown, greater, large, longer, or nepal cardamom.
Elettaria is commonly called cardamom, green cardamom, or true cardamom, whereas amomum is commonly known as black cardamom, brown cardamom, kravan, java cardamom, bengal cardamom, siamese cardamom, white or red cardamom. It has a large rhizome and long, dark green leaves, 3060 cm long and 515 cm wide. Cardamom is a perennial herb with lanceshaped leaves borne on long sheathing stems, up to 4 m high. Other articles where elettaria cardamomum is discussed.
The western ghat forest of the malabar coast, india, is the center of origin and diversity for cardamom and it mi. The components present in the methanol extract of elettaria cardamomum were identified by gcms analysis figure 1. Elettaria cardamomum, commonly known as green or true cardamom, is a herbaceous, perennial plant in the ginger family, native to southern india. Most of these with the exception of cardamom are considered warming in the ayurvedic medicine theory. The seeds of elettaria cardamomum are the source of cardamom. They help soothe indigestion and are a must for turkish coffee. What is often referred to as white cardamon is actually siam cardamom, amomum krervanh.
Elettaria cardamomum seed extract cosmetic ingredient inci. Spicy, citrusy, minty its difficult to describe the flavor of cardamom, other than to say its delicious. Ayurveda ebooks your guide to ayurveda free download. The dried ripe fruits of cardamom have been used as a spice and in medicines since the 4th century bc. Nutrient management in small cardamom elettaria cardamomum a. Cardamom is an herbaceous perennial plant that grows 25 m in height, with underground rhizomes and is propagated by. Scitamineae, a plant growing wild in the forests of southern india, and cultivated on the malabar coast, and in ceylon.
Identification of seven zingiberaceous species based on comparative anatomy of microscopic characteristics of seeds. Wild populations still occur in isolated patches in their natural habitats. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Known as the king of spices, black pepper piper nigrum l. Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of cardamom elettaria cardamomum l. Cardamom otherwise known as malabar cardamom, true cardamom or small cardamom second only to pepper in its importance during the renaissance period, is often qualified as the queen of spices because of its very pleasant aroma and taste. There are two kinds of cardamoms found in the spice world. Elettaria cardamomum true cardamom queen of spices from. Elettaria cardamomum fruit ahpa botanical identity.
Indian cardamom is slightly smaller, but more aromatic. November, 2008 cardamom, the queen of spices is native to evergreen western ghats of india and one of the most valuable spices in the world. It is a bushy plant, about 3 meters tall with straight stems, symmetrical dark green pointed leaves, and lightly colored flowers with white and. Usa home product directory cell biology nutrition research phytochemicals by. Chemopreventive effects of cardamom elettaria cardamomum l on chemically induced skin carcinogenesis in swiss albino mice. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to. There are a number of false cardamoms, but the true cardamom is a subtropical or tropical shrub preferring warm temperatures and yearround water. This combination improves appetite, digestion and palatability of herbal formulations, also corrects respiratory and renal disorders. Nuts and seeds in health and disease prevention, 2011. Chemical constituents of cardamom oil essential oil. Fumigant toxicity and oviposition deterrency of the essential. This tropical perennial herb is treasured for its use in the cuisines of india, the middle east, and surprisingly, sweden. It is beneficial for overall digestive system, respiratory system, kidneys, blood, heart, and skin. Indian cardamom is known for its luxuriant green colour with.
It is a perennial shrub with stems in the shape of the sheath, which have height between 2 and 5 m. Buy cardamom alcoholfree liquid extract, organic cardamom elettaria cardamomum dried seed glycerite 2 oz on free shipping on qualified orders. Cardamom, ginger and turmeric encyclopedia of life. Elettaria and amomum are the two main genera of the ginger family that are named as forms of cardamom. Although india is the largest producer of cardamom, only a. We dont share your credit card details with thirdparty sellers, and we dont sell your information to others. Elettaria cardamomum health effects and herbal facts. They are one of the highest priced and most expensive spices after saffron and vanilla. The active compounds with their retention time rt, molecular formula and molecular weight mw in the methanol extract of leaves of elettaria cardamomum represented in table 2. Antiulcerogenic activity of elettaria cardamomum maton. The attractive flowers are borne at ground level on muchbranched flowering stems and they develop into small green, white or brown threevalved capsules, each containing several brown seeds. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. Maton seeds was obtained by supercritical co2 extraction scco2. Synonyms for elettaria cardamomum in free thesaurus.
Elettaria cardamomum, chances are great that you have the wrong plant. Histological and ultrastructural studies on the toxic effect of pan masala and its amelioration by elettaria cardamomum. It is cultivated widely in tropical regions and reportedly naturalized in reunion, indochina and costa rica. Usa home product directory cell biology nutrition research phytochemicals by plant foodspiceherb elettaria cardamomum cardamom life science home life science products. The basic chromosome number x 12 and 2n 48 indicates its balanced tetraploid nature madhusoodanan et al. Elettaria cardamomum is one of the ingredients of a herbal syrup that has been found to have antimicrobial action against li, teus, klebsiella, and pseudomonas. Cardamom is a member of the ginger family and has a thick fleshy root, a rhizome. Agronomy and economy of black pepper and cardamom 1st.
Elettaria cardamomum, common names green cardamom, true cardamom, is a species native to southern india. Miracle botanicals co2 extracted cardamom essential oil 100% pure elettaria cardamomum 5ml, 10ml, or 30ml sizes therapeutic grade 5ml. Elettaria cardamomum synonyms, elettaria cardamomum antonyms. Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological. Cardamom is a perennial shrub with fleshy, thick and lateral roots and the plant grows to a height of eight feet kapoor, 2000. Cardamom is an important economic crop and is a highly valued spice parthasarathy et al. Elettaria cardamomum seed extract is one of the ingredients of the polyherbal formulation for treating the dementia of alzheimers disease aaishwarya et al. Other names cinnamon palm, cardamon, bastard cardamom, grains of paradise, paitou, sharen, elachi, ela, capalaga, malabar cardamom, cardamom.
Zingiberaceae capsules fruits have been used for traditional medicine applications including for the control of asthma, teeth and gum infections, cataracts, nausea, diarrhea, as well as cardiac, digestive and kidney disorders. The cardamom plant has a tuberous horizontal rhizome, sending up from eight to twenty erect, simple, smooth, green and shining, perennial stems, which rise from six to twelve feet in height, and bear alternate ellipticallanceolate sheathing leaves. Descriptors for cardamom elettaria cardamomum maton. Cardamom, ginger and turmeric belong to the family zingiberaceace. The modern genus name elettaria is derived from the root elam attested in dravidian languages. Comparative analysis of the oil and supercritical co2. It is the most common of the species whose seeds are used as a spice called cardamom. In summer, shoots spreading from the base carry white, orchidlike flowers with purple, yellow or pink markings, followed by small, aromatic, pale green pods cardamom. Abbasipour h, mahmoud m, rastegar f, hosseinpour mh 2011 fumigant toxicity and oviposition deterrency of the essential oil from cardamom, elettaria cardamomum, against three storedproduct insects.
The habitat and field view of the cardamom plant is shown in fig. Its only natural habitat has the elettaria cardamomum in sri lanka, while in southwestern india and the indian subcontinent some congeneric species are native. It is commonly found in ayurvedic medicines used for the treatment of several diseases of these organs. The spicy seeds are very aromatic and used extensively for culinary purposes, it is the true cardamom of commerce. Perhaps the widest misidentification in horticulture, the majority of cardamom plants sold in the us, are, in fact the cinnomon ginger, alpinia nutans. Elettaria cardamomum cardamom grows in the tropics, in plantations or wild, usually in partially deforested tropical areas, as it needs shadow. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. Our payment security system encrypts your information during transmission. The record derives from wcsp which reports it as an accepted name record 243056 with original publication details. The cardamom plant begins flowering at 23 years of age from the base of the plant.
Elettaria cardamomum definition of elettaria cardamomum by. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Pdf phytochemistry and pharmacology of santalum album l. It is observed that consistency and content varies from one manufacturer to.
Book on basics of ayurveda this small book is an introduction to ayurveda, written by dr. Ayurvedic remedies for wrinkles, cardamom essential oil, chemical constituents of cardamom oil, elettaria cardamomum, health benefits of. Elettaria cardamomum an overview sciencedirect topics. This could be derived and some books state so from the adjective amomos blameless, without reproach. Domestication of cardamom elettaria cardamomum in western. Elettaria cardamomum is a member of the ginger family zingiberaceae. Sep 14, 2004 the volatile oil of elettaria cardamomum l. Engl cardamom, true cardamom, cardamom seeds, cardamon, cluster cardamom, lesser cardamom, malabar cardamom, round cardamom, siam. For more information please see jekkapedia, jekkas blog or our faqs page. In the new testament which was largely written in greek, the name amomon appears in reference to an aromatic plant. Cardamom elettaria cardamomum is a leafy perennial herb with hairless leaves neatly arranged along thick fleshy stalks.
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